{"id":3390,"date":"2012-09-10T21:29:01","date_gmt":"2012-09-10T21:29:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noi3.org\/site\/?p=3390"},"modified":"2012-09-10T21:29:01","modified_gmt":"2012-09-10T21:29:01","slug":"mocanii-din-tara-motilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/?p=3390","title":{"rendered":"Mocanii – din Tara Motilor"},"content":{"rendered":"

\t\"\"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\tElementul rom\u00e2nesc din \u0163inutul cunoscut geografice\u015fte sub denumirea de Mun\u0163ii Apuseni este, dup\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015farea lui etno-monografic\u0103, unul dintre cele mai interesante. Nici o \u00eendoial\u0103 nu \u00eencape c\u0103 Mo\u0163ii<\/i> sau \u0162opii<\/i> sunt popula\u0163ia din creerul Mun\u0163ilor Apuseni, care a format \u00een tot trecutul ei un element distinct \u00een corpul rom\u00e2nismului: distinct prin obiceiuri, prin caracterul \u015fi fizionomia rasei, apoi prin limba ce o vorbesc \u015fi formele exterioare ale cultului legii str\u0103bune ortodoxe, pe care o m\u0103rturisesc \u00een cov\u00e2r\u015fitoare majoritate.
\tAce\u015ftia sunt numi\u0163ii Mocani<\/i>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\t\"\"<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elementul rom\u00e2nesc din \u0163inutul cunoscut geografice\u015fte sub denumirea de Mun\u0163ii Apuseni este, dup\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015farea lui etno-monografic\u0103, unul dintre cele mai interesante. Nici o \u00eendoial\u0103 nu \u00eencape c\u0103 Mo\u0163ii<\/i> sau \u0162opii<\/i> sunt popula\u0163ia din creerul Mun\u0163ilor Apuseni, care a format \u00een tot trecutul ei un element distinct \u00een corpul rom\u00e2nismului: distinct prin obiceiuri, prin caracterul \u015fi fizionomia rasei, apoi prin limba ce o vorbesc \u015fi formele exterioare ale cultului legii str\u0103bune ortodoxe, pe care o m\u0103rturisesc \u00een cov\u00e2r\u015fitoare majoritate.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Este deci natural ca toate mi\u015fc\u0103rile sociale \u015fi politice ale acestei popula\u0163iuni s\u0103 fie pornite, a\u015fa cum le \u00eent\u00e2lnim, din acest character firesc al ei, mo\u015ftenit dela Dacii romaniza\u0163i \u015fi amesteca\u0163i cu s\u00e2ngele coloniilor romane aduse aici.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dar nu mai pu\u0163in adev\u0103rat este \u015fi faptul c\u0103 acest genuine element al rom\u00e2nismului din Mun\u0163ii Apuseni este \u00eenconjurat de o popula\u0163ie, tot rom\u00e2neasc\u0103, care a tr\u0103it \u00een \u00eentregime acelea\u015fi suferin\u0163e de via\u0163\u0103 amar\u0103, asuprit\u0103 \u015fi iobag\u0103 \u015fi care a luat parte la toate mi\u015fc\u0103rile revolu\u0163ionare ale Mo\u0163ilor cu \u00eentreaga fiin\u0163a lor sufleteasc\u0103 \u015fi fizic\u0103, p\u0103str\u00e2nd numeroase tr\u0103s\u0103turi comune cu ei \u00een via\u0163a social\u0103 \u015fi religioas\u0103.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ace\u015ftia sunt numi\u0163ii Mocani<\/i>
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ei sunt resfira\u0163i pe teritoriul, care \u00eencepe de o parte dela Dealul Mare, l\u00e2ng\u0103 Abrud, pe Valea Ampoiului \u00een jos p\u00e2n\u0103 la Ampoi\u0163a, apoi dela Detunata spre r\u0103s\u0103rit \u015fi sud p\u00e2n\u0103 la Cheile R\u00e2me\u0163ului \u015fi \u00centregalde, iar de alt\u0103 parte dela Lup\u015fa pe Arie\u015f \u00een jos p\u00e2n\u0103 la Buru \u015fi muntele Bedeleului, ca \u015fi \u00eentreaga popula\u0163ia de pe Valea Ierii p\u00e2n\u0103 la muntele Dobrin. Acest minunat corolar al Mun\u0163ilor Apuseni \u00eenconjur\u0103 dinspre sud \u015fi est \u0163inutul propriu zis al Mo\u0163ilor, f\u0103c\u00e2nd serviciul de avangard\u0103 a cet\u0103\u0163ii, \u00een care s-au z\u0103mislit toate ac\u0163iunile revolu\u0163ionare \u00een scopul de a ajunge la o via\u0163\u0103 mai omeneasc\u0103 \u015fi la libertatea na\u0163ional\u0103 dorit\u0103 de to\u0163i Rom\u00e2nii din Ardeal.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u0103l\u0103torul, care dore\u015fte s\u0103 intre \u00een regiunea moc\u0103neasc\u0103 dinspre Alba Iulia, \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte \u015fi pe aici \u00een drumul s\u0103u ruine din timpul domina\u0163iunei romane, precum \u015fi urme de pe vremea revolu\u0163iilor Rom\u00e2nilor dela 1784 \u015fi 1848\/49, toate viu p\u0103strate \u00een memoria poporului. \u00cen acest scop trebue s\u0103 te hot\u0103r\u0103\u015fti a merge c\u0103lare, c\u0103l\u0103uzit de un Mo\u0163 sau de un Mocan, pe poteci, prin p\u0103duri \u015fi pe p\u00e2rae dintre st\u00e2nci, pe unde numai iedera cre\u015fte \u015fi numai c\u0103prioara \u015fi mititelul cal de munte p\u0103\u015fe\u015fte.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cel dint\u00e2iu monument antic istoric, pe care c\u0103l\u0103torul \u00eel \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fte la poalele mun\u0163ilor spre miaz\u0103-zi, este cetatea de pe teritoriul comunei Craiva, la o \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime de 300 metri \u015fi la care po\u0163i urca pe o c\u0103rare \u00eengust\u0103, piezi\u015f\u0103 \u015fi \u00een mai multe locuri primejdioas\u0103. Cetatea este un fost castru roman. B\u0103tr\u00e2nii satului spun c\u0103 Mihai Viteazul \u015fi-ar fi ad\u0103postit aici familia c\u00e2nd se b\u0103tea pentru cucerirea Ardealului.<\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La Benic, \u00een dealul B\u0103l\u0103\u015fe\u015ftilor, \u00eent\u00e2lne\u015fti un monument, care arat\u0103 trec\u0103torului urme r\u0103mase din timpul revolu\u0163iei lui Horia (1784). Monumentul e de piatr\u0103 \u015fi a\u015fezat pe un piedestal p\u0103trat \u00een forma piramidei, are la mijloc o inscrip\u0163ie \u00een limba ungureasc\u0103, \u00een care se spune c\u0103 aici e morm\u00e2ntul lui Biro Miklos, omor\u00e2t de \u201ca plebei uciga\u015f\u0103 m\u00e2n\u0103\u201d, \u00een v\u00e2rst\u0103 de 66 ani.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Cobor\u00e2nd \u00een Valea Mare, din sus de Galda, este Cheia, prin care str\u0103ba\u0163i \u00een satele moc\u0103ne\u015fti. Valea Mare sau Valea G\u0103lzii izvor\u0103\u015fte din muntele Negrileasa de l\u00e2ng\u0103 Bucium-Poeni \u015fi pela mijlocul poalelor Muncelului \u015fi Berbecelului, \u00eentre Poiana \u015fi Piatra Bulzului, apa curge printr-o str\u00e2mtoare \u00eentre dou\u0103 st\u00e2nci \u00eenalte \u00eenc\u00e2t nu vezi soarele dec\u00e2t numai c\u00e2nd e drept cruce la amiazi. Apa trece printre doui p\u0103re\u0163i uria\u015fi de piatr\u0103, \u00een cari \u015fi \u00een st\u00e2nga \u015fi \u00een dreapta, fa\u0163\u0103 \u00een fa\u0163\u0103, sunt cioplite dup\u0103 toate regulele simetriei ni\u015fte ferestre \u00een form\u0103 perpendicular\u0103, din sus \u00een jos, la c\u00e2te o dep\u0103rtare de c\u00e2te cinci pa\u015fi unele de altele \u015fi de c\u00e2te dou\u0103 sau trei urme de ad\u00e2nci.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Din sus de Cheia se \u00eentinde Poiana \u015fi Lunca Larg\u0103, care la v\u00e2joiul<\/i> (cataracta) Fireze\u015ftilor se \u00eembin\u0103 cu Piatra Cetei, \u00eenalt\u0103 de 644 metri, care st\u0103p\u00e2ne\u015fte aceast\u0103 trec\u0103toare. B\u0103tr\u00e2nii spun c\u0103 s\u0103p\u0103turile \u00een p\u0103re\u0163i sunt din vremea n\u0103v\u0103lirilor barbare \u015fi c\u0103 serviau ca st\u0103vilare pentru ca la apropierea barbarilor s\u0103 dea drumul apei ca s\u0103-i \u00eenece pe to\u0163i.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fostul judec\u0103tor Basiliu M. D. Basiota, \u00een studiul s\u0103u geologic asupra structurei mun\u0163ilor metalici din Mun\u0163ii Apuseni ai Transilvaniei, tip\u0103rit la Blaj \u00een 1883, spune c\u0103 poporul R\u00e2me\u0163enilor \u00een multe r\u00e2nduri a alungat popoarele barbare n\u0103v\u0103litoare, iar preotul Ion Pop B\u00e2rlea \u00eei povestea lui Basiota c\u0103 pe vremea c\u00e2nd umbla el la \u015fcoal\u0103 la Blaj (anul 1838) \u015fi c\u0103l\u0103torea dela Mogo\u015f peste \u00centregalde, se afla pe teritoriul comunei R\u00e2me\u0163i o tabl\u0103 de marmur\u0103 de Ampoi\u0163a, pe care se mai putea citi o inscrip\u0163iune cu litere latine \u015fi \u00een limba latin\u0103 cum c\u0103 poporul R\u00e2me\u0163enilor a b\u0103tut \u00een anul 569 pe barbarii Gepizi. Mai t\u00e2rziu acea tabl\u0103 \u2013 spune popa B\u00e2rlea \u2013 a fost d\u0103r\u00e2mat\u0103 de m\u00e2ini str\u0103ine.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dar chiar \u015fi \u00een timpul revolu\u0163iei din 1848 dintre Rom\u00e2ni \u015fi Unguri, aici \u00een acest \u0163inut s-au refugiat femeile \u015fi copii Rom\u00e2nilor, c\u0103ci numai aici du\u015fmanul nu cuteza s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103, pentru c\u0103 cuno\u015ftea din auzite t\u0103ria locului \u015fi arta strategic\u0103 a Mocanului.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Paralel cu Valea Galdei \u015fi numai printr-un deal desp\u0103r\u0163ite curge \u015fi Valea Cetei, care \u00eempotriva Cheii Galzei trece peste o st\u00e2nc\u0103 av\u00e2nd forma num\u0103rului 8 culcat. \u00cen creerii st\u00e2ncei apa sap\u0103 dou\u0103 bazinuri ad\u00e2nci c\u00e2t statura unui om \u015fi destul de largi, pentru a se putea sc\u0103lda \u00een ele mai multe persoane deodat\u0103. Apa cade dela o \u00een\u0103l\u0163ime respectabil\u0103 de mai mul\u0163i st\u00e2njeni, form\u00e2nd a\u015fa numitele cataracte sau sc\u0103ld\u0103tori dela Cetea, pe care, pentru a le admira, vine lumea dela dep\u0103rtare.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen mijlocul colosalelor st\u00e2nci \u015fi anume Piatra Cetei, Pleasa \u015fi Tarc\u0103ul este situat\u0103 Cheia R\u00e2me\u0163ului, care formeaz\u0103 cea mai s\u0103lbateca regiune muntoas\u0103 din Ardeal. Prin aceast\u0103 vale este proiectat\u0103 s\u0103 se fac\u0103 [\u2026] \u00eenc\u0103 din toamna anului 1925, c\u00e2nd s-a \u015fi f\u0103cut inaugurarea lucr\u0103rilor, \u015foseaua de leg\u0103tur\u0103 \u00eentre Teiu\u015f \u015fi Abrud, care va scurta drumul \u00eentre aceste localit\u0103\u0163i cu 24 kilometri \u015fi va forma cea mai principal\u0103 arter\u0103 de comunica\u0163ie a satelor moc\u0103ne\u015fti.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Directorul \u015fcoalei industriale din Zlatna, Greb, care a vizitat vara trecut\u0103 Cheia R\u00e2me\u0163ului, mi-a spus c\u0103 aceast\u0103 st\u00e2nc\u0103, prin care urmeaz\u0103 s\u0103 se taie \u015foseaua dintre Teiu\u015f \u015fi Abrud, con\u0163ine imense blocuri de marmor\u0103 de cea mai bun\u0103 calitate.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Dela Cheia R\u00e2me\u0163ului \u00een sus \u00eencep adev\u0103ratele commune moc\u0103ne\u015fti, dintre care vom cita \u00centregaldele<\/i> cu satele Necrile\u015fti, Valea Galzei \u015fi Dealul Pope\u015ftilor, R\u00e2me\u0163ul<\/i> cu satele Pleasa, Valea Uzii, Valea Inzelului, Br\u0103de\u015fti, Valea Poenii \u015fi Cheia Ponorul, apoi Mogo\u015ful<\/i> cu satele M\u0103m\u0103ligani, Micle\u015fti, B\u00e2rle\u015fti, Valea B\u00e2rnei, Cojocani etc.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mocanii au multe asem\u0103n\u0103ri cu Motii, dar au \u015fi deosebiri, mai ales \u00een obiceiuri \u015fi \u00een via\u0163a de toate zilele chiar.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mocanii \u015fi chiar Mo\u0163ii nu cunosc cuv\u00e2ntul dumneata<\/i>; ei \u00eentotdeauna folosesc numai cuv\u00e2ntul tu<\/i>. Copiii zic p\u0103rin\u0163ilor \u201ctu\u201d \u015fi \u201cm\u0103\u201d \u015fi tot asemenea sunt intitula\u0163i \u015fi b\u0103tr\u00e2nii de c\u0103tre cei mai tineri, c\u0103ci muntenii ei \u00eentre ei, dela mic \u015fi p\u00e2n\u0103 la mare, nu se intituleaz\u0103 altfel dec\u00e2t cu tu. Fa\u0163\u0103 cu str\u0103inii sau cu c\u0103rturarii pantalonari din sat, cari se pretind a fi purt\u0103torii civiliza\u0163iei moderne, precum sunt notarii \u015fi subnotarii comunali, \u00eempin\u015fi de bunul sim\u0163 ca s\u0103 le dea onoarea cuvenit\u0103, ei se adreseaz\u0103 \u00eentr-un cuv\u00e2nt: tu-dumneata<\/i>
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mocanii, spre deosebire de Mo\u0163i, sunt oameni mai deschi\u015fi la suflet \u015fi mai sinceri. Este foarte mare asem\u0103nare \u00eentre haina lor alb\u0103 ca z\u0103pada \u015fi con\u015ftiin\u0163a lor cu mai pu\u0163ine dedesupturi ne\u00eencrez\u0103toare dec\u00e2t sufletul pururi \u00eendoelnic al Mo\u0163ului propriu zis.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mocanul este mai vioiu la petrecere \u015fi mai pu\u0163in cr\u00e2ncen la m\u00e2nie dec\u00e2t Mo\u0163ul.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oameni robu\u015fti, cei mai mul\u0163i \u00eenal\u0163i \u015fi bine \u00eenchega\u0163i la trup, cu coloarea p\u0103rului castanie ori blonzi, dar foarte pu\u0163ini bruni.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 [\u2026]
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mocanii \u015fi Mo\u0163ii au mare asem\u0103nare \u00een toate manifest\u0103rile lor de via\u0163\u0103. Astfel \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintea lor este aproape aceia\u015fi. Hainele albe de l\u00e2n\u0103 (cioarecii) \u015fi p\u00e2nz\u0103, \u015fi le preg\u0103tesc ei \u00een\u015fi\u015fi. G\u0103sim \u00een Valea Ampoiului, ca \u015fi \u00een Mogo\u015f ori \u00een Valea Arie\u015fului, acela\u015fi laib\u0103r de bumbac, cusut cu \u201cochiuri\u201d de harnicele so\u0163ii ori candidate de mirese pe seama b\u0103rbatului. Col\u0163onii de l\u00e2n\u0103 s-au \u00eenlocuit nu de mult cu mijloace de \u00eenc\u0103l\u0163\u0103minte mai \u201ccivilizate\u201d. Vechea \u0163undr\u0103 abia se mai z\u0103re\u015fte pe c\u00e2te un b\u0103tr\u00e2n ori fiu al vreunei familii \u00een care str\u0103bunele virtu\u0163i \u015fi obiceiuri nu s-au schimbat \u00eenc\u0103. Cojocul femeilor, cusut de c\u0103tre cojocarii de lux din comuna Bucium, nu se mai vede dec\u00e2t ici-colea. \u00cen schimb a luat propor\u0163ii prea mari laib\u0103rul de l\u00e2n\u0103, cusut cu \u015fnur negru ori ro\u015fu, dup\u0103 obiceiul unguresc.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u015eerparul, lat de c\u00e2te 30-40 cm, numit curau\u0103<\/i>, \u00eenc\u0103 a cam disp\u0103rut deodat\u0103 cu genera\u0163ia mai veche, de\u015fi aceast\u0103 parte a \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintei Mocanilor a avut \u015fi are un rol sanitar, dup\u0103 \u00eens\u0103\u015fi m\u0103rturisirea locuitorilor, cari o poart\u0103. Ea fere\u015fte \u00een permanen\u0163\u0103 abdomenul b\u0103rbatului de frig \u015fi de alte neajunsuri, pe cari munca grea a c\u00e2mpului este \u00een m\u0103sur\u0103 s\u0103 le procure corpului omenesc.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u0103m\u0103\u015file, at\u00e2t de trainic lucrate din c\u00e2nep\u0103 \u015fi bumbac, s-au cam \u00eenlocuit cu \u201cgiolgiul\u201d cump\u0103rat dela t\u00e2rgove\u0163i. Abia se mai z\u0103resc \u00een satele moc\u0103ne\u015fti femei cu c\u0103m\u0103\u015fi de p\u00e2nz\u0103 \u0163esut\u0103, cusute cu \u201cforme\u201d pela \u201cfodori\u201d, cari de cari mai m\u0103iestrit \u00eembinate de mintea vecinic creatoare a poporului.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Opregele<\/i> b\u0103tr\u00e2nelor evlavioase \u00eenc\u0103 au \u00eenceput s\u0103 dispar\u0103. \u201cZadiile\u201d tinerelor fete, \u0163esute cu \u201cfir\u201d, acas\u0103, \u00een \u201cr\u0103zboiul\u201d f\u0103cut de lemn de frasin ori fag de c\u0103tre b\u0103rbatul casei, se \u00eenlocuesc cu cele cump\u0103rate \u00een t\u00e2rg, dar mai pu\u0163in trainice \u015fi pitore\u015fti.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mocanii mai au dou\u0103 manifest\u0103ri de via\u0163\u0103, cari le sunt comune numai lor, dintre locuitorii Mun\u0163ilor Apuseni, \u015fi prin cari se deosebesc fundamental de Mo\u0163i.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Felul construc\u0163iei caselor, grajdurilor \u015fi ocupa\u0163ia lor economic\u0103, care exclusiv cre\u015fterea vitelor.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 To\u0163i Mocanii \u00ee\u015fi construiesc casele dup\u0103 un tip deosebit. Casa se face din lemn. \u00cen trecut acest \u201clemn de cas\u0103\u201d era de fag, ori de brad. Azi fagul este abandonat aproape complect \u015fi \u00eenlocuit cu b\u00e2rnele de brad fasonate. Casele mai \u00eenainte se acopereau numai cu paie, azi g\u0103sim \u015fi acoperi\u015fe de \u015findril\u0103, \u00een unele cazuri \u0163igl\u0103.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nu lipse\u015fte dela casa \u0163\u0103ranului mocan \u201ct\u00e2rna\u0163ul\u201d (coridorul) cu \u201csosi\u201d, apoi \u201ctinda casei\u201d cu \u201ccamni\u0163\u0103\u201d, unde se face \u015fi p\u0103streaza focul vestalelor romane dupa obiceiul \u2013 desigur \u2013 mo\u015ftenit dela str\u0103bunii no\u015ftri. Pentru vite \u015fi nutre\u0163, Mocanii au edificii de lemn, f\u0103cute pe c\u00e2mp \u00een mijlocul \u201cmiri\u015ftei\u201d, ori a \u201cr\u00e2tului\u201d din \u201cfa\u0163\u0103\u201d sau din \u201cdo\u015ftin\u0103\u201d.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 De\u015fi edificiile lor gospod\u0103re\u015fti las\u0103 mult de dorit, totu\u015fi nu se poate contesta c\u0103 sunt astfel construite \u00eenc\u00e2t feresc foarte bine vitele de ger \u015fi de v\u00e2nturile cu z\u0103pad\u0103 ale iernii, de cele mai multe ori ne\u00eendur\u0103toare.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ocupa\u0163ia principal\u0103 ca ram de agricultur\u0103 a Mocanilor este economia vitelor \u015fi oieritul.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cenainte cu c\u00e2teva decenii, vitele Mocanilor aveau foarte mare asem\u0103nare cu cele ale locuitorilor de munte din Muntenia. \u0162ineau ni\u015fte vite mici, sure \u015fi cenu\u015fii. Azi rasa vitelor ce posed este incontestabil superioar\u0103.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Locuitorilor din Mun\u0163ii Apuseni \u2013 deci \u015fi Mocanilor \u2013 li s-a impus prin lege cump\u0103rarea de c\u0103tre commune a vitelor de pr\u0103sil\u0103 de rasa Pinzgau sau \u201c\u015fvai\u0163ere\u201d, cum \u00eei place poporului s\u0103 le numeasc\u0103.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La \u00eenceput poporul a privit cu ochi r\u0103i aceste dispozi\u0163ii \u015fi inova\u0163iuni ale organelor de stat, dar nu peste mult realitatea \u00eei convinse \u00eendeajuns de foloasele pe cari \u00een primul loc proprietarii de vite le trag dup\u0103 munca lor, dac\u0103 duc la vestitele t\u00e2rguri din C\u00e2mpeni, Aiud, Alba Iulia, Teiu\u015f, boi de ras\u0103 \u015fi vaci c\u0103utate pentru rezisten\u0163a \u015fi laptele lor. Nu sunt nici dou\u0103zeci de ani ani de c\u00e2nd \u00een \u201ct\u00e2rgurile de \u0163ar\u0103\u201d amintite aveau mare c\u0103utare boii Mocanilor \u00een ochii comercian\u0163ilor de vite din Viena, Praga, Berlin etc. Se pl\u0103tea pentru c\u00e2te o p\u0103reche de boi c\u00e2te 600-900 lei aur.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Oieritul formeaz\u0103 pentru via\u0163a Mocanilor o ramur\u0103 principal\u0103 de economie, dar care, \u00een contrast cu obiceiul popula\u0163iei din jurul Sibiului (a\u015fa numi\u0163ii m\u0103rgineni<\/i>), este condus\u0103 nu de b\u0103rba\u0163i, ci de femei. Astfel c\u0103 oile Mocanilor, iarna cu vara, dar mai ales vara, sunt \u00eengrijite numai de femei.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen luna Maiu s\u0103tenii pleac\u0103 din sat la \u201cmunte\u201d. Aci aduce b\u0103rbatul a\u015fa numitul \u201cstaul\u201d al oilor \u015fi \u00eencepe pe timp de 2-3 luni via\u0163a \u201cde colib\u0103\u201d a celor \u00eencredin\u0163a\u0163i cu grija \u015fi p\u0103storirea vitelor. Un mare neajuns au \u0163\u0103ranii acestui \u0163inut, c\u0103 nu \u015ftiu s\u0103-\u015fi preg\u0103teasc\u0103 produsele laptelui de oaie \u00eentr-un mod mai ra\u0163ional. Ei \u015fi azi se m\u0103rginesc tot la sistemul vechiu \u015fi primitive al extragerii br\u00e2nzei \u015fi untului din laptele de oaie, produc\u00e2nd o br\u00e2nz\u0103 de calitate inferioar\u0103, imposibil de consumat.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen schimb \u015ftiu s\u0103 preg\u0103teasc\u0103 din l\u00e2na oilor \u0163oale vestite \u015fi foarte c\u0103utate pe pie\u0163ele ora\u015felor din apropiere.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Unele commune au \u00eentinse p\u0103\u015funi de oi, p\u0103\u015funi de munte, cari \u00eenlesnesc foarte mult cultura oieritului, de altfel rentabil\u0103 ocupa\u0163ie \u015fi foarte u\u015foar\u00ee.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Mocanii din Valea Ierii se mai ocup\u0103 \u015fi cu industria lemnului, dar \u00een deosebire de Mo\u0163i, fac numai comerciu cu lemn de brad de construc\u0163ie, f\u0103r\u0103 a preg\u0103ti \u015fi \u201cvase\u201d, \u201cdoni\u0163i\u201d, \u201cciubare\u201d \u015fi \u201ccercuri\u201d.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen c\u00e2mpul larg al manifest\u0103rilor suflete\u015fti, Mocanii au aproape acelea\u015fi obiceiuri. Astfel la nunt\u0103 g\u0103sim pe \u201cvornicul osp\u0103\u0163ului\u201d, cel cu \u201cplosca\u201d totdeauna plin\u0103 cu vin, darnic \u015fi vorb\u0103re\u0163.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 La \u201cdarea cinstei miresei\u201d acest v\u0103taf de nunt\u0103 roste\u015fte \u00een versuri improvizate, dup\u0103 loc \u015fi \u00eemprejur\u0103ri, ur\u0103rile de bine la adresa fericirii mirilor, mul\u0163umind cu c\u00e2te o glum\u0103 sarcastic\u0103 \u201cboierilor mari \u015fi mici\u201d, cari le-au onorat casa \u015fi \u201ccinstit nunta\u201d. \u201cNunii mari\u201d, adic\u0103 na\u015fii, sunt conduc\u0103torii morali ai \u201cosp\u0103\u0163ului\u201d, ei se \u00een\u0163eleg cu st\u0103p\u00e2nul casei \u015fi cu vornicul despre \u00eentreaga desf\u0103\u015furarea nuntei, astfel ca tinerii nou c\u0103s\u0103tori\u0163i s\u0103 se aleag\u0103 cu c\u00e2te ceva la \u00eenceputul drumului nou de via\u0163\u0103 casnic\u0103 pe care apuc\u0103. \u201cStegarul\u201d, \u00een m\u00e2n\u0103 cu un br\u0103di\u015for frumos \u00eempodobit cu \u201cprime\u201d \u015fi \u201cchischineie\u201d (n\u0103frame), de cari s-a folosit mireasa ca fat\u0103, este sufletul veseliei dela nunt\u0103. C\u00e2nd, spre spartul nuntei, desface stegariul acest steag \u015fi-l transform\u0103 \u00een furc\u0103 de tors, pun\u00e2ndu-se s\u0103 \u00eenve\u0163e mireasa a toarce, se face haz \u015fi veselie f\u0103r\u0103 p\u0103reche pe contul miresei. Cine poate fura furca \u2013 \u00eendeob\u015fte vre-unul dintre fo\u015ftii pe\u0163itori ai \u201cfetei\u201d \u2013 se \u00eenvrednice\u015fte de mare cinste.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Popula\u0163ia Mocanilor c\u00e2t prive\u015fte manifest\u0103rile ei de via\u0163\u0103 religioas\u0103 este distinct\u0103 de veritabilii Mo\u0163i. Sentimentul \u015fi virtutea milosteniei cre\u015ftine ia propor\u0163ii foarte mi\u015fc\u0103toare la marile praznice, cu deosebire la s\u0103rb\u0103torile Pa\u015ftilor.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Frunta\u015fii comunelor biserice\u015fti, \u00een cov\u00e2r\u015fitoare parte de legea ortodox\u0103 a r\u0103s\u0103ritului, \u00een una din zilele s\u0103rb\u0103torilor de Pa\u015fti, – cu deosebire \u201cpa\u015fterii\u201d, cari au preg\u0103tit din bunul lor cele trebuincioase pr\u0103znuirii, – servesc o mas\u0103 comun\u0103 celor s\u0103raci \u015fi lipsi\u0163i de bucuriile p\u0103m\u00e2nte\u015fti ale muritorilor.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Aceast\u0103 \u201cmas\u0103\u201d se-ncepe cu un mic serviciu divin, s\u0103v\u00e2r\u015fit de preotul bisericei \u00een amintirea \u015fi pentru odihna sufletului r\u0103posa\u0163ilor \u201cdin neamul fiec\u0103ruia dintre noi\u201d.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Este deosebi de impresionant momentul c\u00e2nd lumini\u0163ele de cear\u0103 adunate de \u201ccraznicul\u201d bisericei \u00eentr-un m\u0103nunchiu se aprind \u015fi f\u0103c\u00e2ndu-se \u201cridicarea paosului\u201d, preotul c\u00e2nt\u0103 urmat de to\u0163i c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0163ii c\u00e2ntarea:\u201dZiua \u00eenvierii popoarelor s\u0103 ne lumin\u0103m!\u201d \u015fi irmosul \u201cLumineaz\u0103-te, lumineaz\u0103-te, noule Ierusalime\u201d, iar popula\u0163ia, \u00een simbolul particip\u0103rii comune la aducerea acestui \u201cprinos\u201d, a\u015feaz\u0103 m\u00e2na dreapt\u0103 unul pe um\u0103rul celuilat, deoarece nu pot ajunge cu to\u0163ii s\u0103 ating\u0103 \u015fi s\u0103 \u0163in\u0103 cu m\u00e2na proprie simbolul material al obiectivului slujbei.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00cen zilele frumoase de prim\u0103var\u0103 aspectul acestui obiceiu practicat de Mocani, \u00eendeob\u015fte \u00een fa\u0163a bisericei, las\u0103 urme ad\u00e2nci \u00een sufletele tuturora: \u015fi a celor ce dau \u201cprinosul\u201d, c\u00e2t \u015fi \u00een al celor ce-l primesc \u015fi se \u00eenfrupt\u0103 dintr-\u00eensul.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fix\u00e2nd aceste considera\u0163iuni generale asupra Mocanilor, trebue s\u0103 stabilim adev\u0103rul c\u0103 aceast\u0103 popula\u0163iune intr\u0103 cu totul \u00een problema cea mare a Mo\u0163ilor, care reclam\u0103 o grabnic\u0103 rezolvare \u00een toate punctele cardinale \u015fi specifice vie\u0163ii Rom\u00e2nilor din Mun\u0163ii Apuseni. Mocanii fac parte din teritoriul geografic al Mun\u0163ilor Apuseni, au luat parte la toate mi\u015fc\u0103rile trecutului \u015fi tr\u0103esc \u00een \u00eemprejur\u0103rile unei vie\u0163i identice cu a Mo\u0163ilor, c\u0103ci sunt lega\u0163i de acela\u015f p\u0103m\u00e2nt, pe care \u00eel st\u0103p\u00e2nesc din cele mai vechi timpuri.
\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Unitatea teritoriului a f\u0103cut s\u0103 existe totdeauna o unitate \u015fi \u00een via\u0163a Rom\u00e2nilor din Mun\u0163ii Apuseni, c\u0103ci s-au desvoltat cu toate manifest\u0103rile \u015fi condi\u0163iile lor de via\u0163\u0103 \u00een aceia\u015fi tradi\u0163ie, sub acelea\u015fi influen\u0163e \u015fi astfel \u015fi-au imprimat nenum\u0103rate note comune, cari \u00een complexul lor constitue personalitatea Rom\u00e2nului, ne\u015fov\u0103elnic \u00een trecutul lui glorios, ca \u015fi \u00een viitorul ce-l a\u015fteapt\u0103. [\u2026] <\/font><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elementul rom\u00e2nesc din \u0163inutul cunoscut geografice\u015fte sub denumirea de Mun\u0163ii Apuseni este, dup\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103\u0163i\u015farea lui etno-monografic\u0103, unul dintre cele mai interesante. Nici o \u00eendoial\u0103…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[478,927,126,928,926,924,925],"class_list":["post-3390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istorie","tag-ardeal","tag-asuprire","tag-istorie","tag-locuri","tag-mocani","tag-moti","tag-transilvania"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3390"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3390\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3389"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}