{"id":6266,"date":"2013-01-20T09:59:46","date_gmt":"2013-01-20T09:59:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noi3.org\/site\/?p=6266"},"modified":"2013-01-20T09:59:46","modified_gmt":"2013-01-20T09:59:46","slug":"eminescu-a-iubit-si-a-aparat-ortodoxia-romaneasca-maica-benedicta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/?p=6266","title":{"rendered":"\u201eEminescu a iubit \u0219i a ap\u0103rat Ortodoxia rom\u00e2neasc\u0103\u201d (Maica Benedicta)"},"content":{"rendered":" \t![\"Mihai](\"https:\/\/noi3.org\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/01\/128476_mihai_eminescu_w180.jpg\")
Acad. Zoe Dumitrescu \u2013 Bu\u0219ulenga (Maica Benedicta): S-au \u00eencercat p\u00e2n\u0103 acum c\u00e2teva r\u0103spunsuri la problema credin\u021bei marelui artist g\u00e2nditor. Unii l-au socotit ateu ireductibil, al\u021bii un credincios fervent, fiecare \u00eentemeindu-se pe unul sau mai multe texte. Calitatea probant\u0103 a textelor invocate este \u00eens\u0103 minim\u0103 prin desprinderea lor de contextul at\u00e2t de vast \u0219i complex al \u00eentregii g\u00e2ndiri \u0219i opere eminesciene, care exprim\u0103 o personalitate de o natur\u0103 cu totul particular\u0103.<\/p>\n
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\tAcad. Zoe Dumitrescu \u2013 Bu\u0219ulenga (Maica Benedicta): S-au \u00eencercat p\u00e2n\u0103 acum c\u00e2teva r\u0103spunsuri la problema credin\u021bei marelui artist g\u00e2nditor. Unii l-au socotit ateu ireductibil, al\u021bii un credincios fervent, fiecare \u00eentemeindu-se pe unul sau mai multe texte. Calitatea probant\u0103 a textelor invocate este \u00eens\u0103 minim\u0103 prin desprinderea lor de contextul at\u00e2t de vast \u0219i complex al \u00eentregii g\u00e2ndiri \u0219i opere eminesciene, care exprim\u0103 o personalitate de o natur\u0103 cu totul particular\u0103.\u00centr-adev\u0103r, poetul g\u00e2nditor rom\u00e2n este \u0219i el o fiin\u021b\u0103 plin\u0103 de contradic\u021bii, ca oricare alt om, a\u0219a cum dovede\u0219te psihologia modern\u0103. Dar marii arti\u0219ti, cu \u00eenzestr\u0103rile lor, at\u00e2t de bogate \u0219i variate, resimt, tr\u0103iesc \u0219i mai cu seam\u0103 exprim\u0103 psyhee<\/em>-a lor divizat\u0103 \u00een feluri neobi\u0219nuite, dramatice, uneori chiar tragice. Dualismul acesta \u00eentre\u021bine \u00een personalit\u0103\u021bile \u00eenalt creatoare o polaritate, o tensiune adesea greu suportabil\u0103.<\/p>\n \tC\u0103ut\u0103tor de absolut \u00een via\u021b\u0103, \u00een g\u00e2ndire \u0219i crea\u021bie, Eminescu s-a desf\u0103\u0219urat cu cele mai \u00eenalte registre ale cunoa\u0219terii, compens\u00e2nd gravele imperfec\u021biuni ale realului prin care se sim\u021bea \u00eenchis de necesitate. \u0218i \u00een c\u0103ut\u0103rile lui \u00eenfrigurate, a pendulat el, liricul admirabil, \u201e\u00eentre filosofii\u201d, s-a cufundat \u00een mituri, a \u00eencercat s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103, cercet\u00e2nd necontenit c\u0103ile ce duc spre frumuse\u021bi \u0219i adev\u0103ruri supreme.<\/p>\n
\t\u0218tiin\u021ba descifr\u0103rii manuscriselor vechi, \u00eenv\u0103\u021bat\u0103 de la preotul satului<\/strong><\/p>\n \tCopil\u0103ria i-a fost aceea a unui copil normal, crescut \u00een spiritul cre\u0219tin ortodox al unei familii pioase, av\u00e2nd leg\u0103turi str\u00e2nse cu Biserica \u0219i monahismul. Surorile mamei sale Raluca (n\u0103scut\u0103 Jura\u0219cu) erau c\u0103lug\u0103ri\u021be (una din ele era chiar stare\u021b\u0103 la schitul Agafton, unde Mihai era dus adesea). A\u0219a \u00eenc\u00e2t copilul s-a familiarizat de foarte timpuriu cu r\u00e2nduielile, slujbele \u0219i c\u00e2nt\u0103rile m\u0103n\u0103stire\u0219ti.<\/p>\n
\tPe de alt\u0103 parte, \u201eMihai a dob\u00e2ndit primele \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103turi de la preotul satului, care l-a ini\u021biat \u00een buchiile vechilor scrieri biserice\u0219ti, familiariz\u00e2ndu-l astfel de timpuriu cu acele c\u0103r\u021bi care cuprindeau toat\u0103 tradi\u021bia ortodox\u0103. De atunci i-a r\u0103mas lui Eminescu acea \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 a descifr\u0103rii manuscriselor vechi cu care avea s\u0103-l uimeasc\u0103 pe savantul Gaster, pe care-l consulta, cer\u00e2ndu-i sfatul \u0219i chiar \u00eemprumut\u00e2nd de la el manuscrise rare. Tot de atunci s-a trezit \u00een el iubirea pentru pre\u021bul \u0219i savoarea cuv\u00e2ntului vechi \u0219i, mai cu seam\u0103, de atunci s-a n\u0103scut \u00een el ata\u0219amentul, respectul \u0219i admira\u021bia pentru institu\u021bia Bisericii Na\u021bionale, a c\u0103rei valoare n-a \u00eencetat nicio clip\u0103 s\u0103 o lege de istorie \u0219i d\u0103inuirea neamului.<\/p>\n
\tIubirea<\/em><\/strong>\u00een opera eminescian\u0103 \u2013 un principiu armonizator al lumii<\/strong><\/p>\n \tCeilal\u021bi dasc\u0103li i-au fost natura \u0219i satul, \u00een prima descoperind frumuse\u021bile Crea\u021biei neatins\u0103 de m\u00e2na omului \u0219i loc al libert\u0103\u021bii absolute, \u00een al doilea \u00een\u021beleg\u00e2nd r\u00e2nduielile din veac \u0219i g\u00e2ndirea tradi\u021bional\u0103, izvor al crea\u021biei populare, devenit\u0103 \u0219i unul din izvoarele viitoarei crea\u021bii a poetului. Aici s-a format matricea structurii eminesciene, s-au prins \u0219i r\u0103d\u0103cinile cunoa\u0219terii \u0219i ale credin\u021bei, cresc\u00e2nd \u00eempreun\u0103, \u00eentr-o perfect\u0103 convergen\u021b\u0103.<\/p>\n
\tPentru Eminescu, iubirea a fost, \u00een fond, un principiu cosmic, armonizator al lumii, for\u021b\u0103 creatoare, n\u0103sc\u0103toare de demiurgie \u00een artist, cum m\u0103rturise\u0219te \u00een Scrisorile IV<\/em> \u0219i V<\/em>.<\/p>\n \tPe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce c\u0103ut\u0103torul nes\u0103\u021bios de cunoa\u0219tere avea s\u0103-\u0219i extind\u0103 tot mai larg orizontul informa\u021biei, al culturii, \u00eendoielile aveau s\u0103 sporeasc\u0103. Mai cu seam\u0103 studiile universitare la Viena \u0219i Berlin \u00eentre anii 1869-1874 au hr\u0103nit intelectul acela at\u00e2t de receptiv, de curpinz\u0103tor.<\/p>\n
\t\u00cen Universitatea vienez\u0103 Eminescu a f\u0103cut s\u0103 treac\u0103 prin lumea cuget\u0103rii lui un material enorm de informa\u021bii: istorie \u0219i filosofie, literaturi vechi, arte, drept, economie politic\u0103 \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021be exacte. Frecventa \u0219i muzeele, s\u0103lile de teatru \u0219i concerte, bibliotecile, anticariatele \u0219i citea toat\u0103 noaptea.<\/p>\n
\tEminescu a creat unicele, superbele modele cosmologice din romantismul european, \u00een Scrisoarea I<\/em> (cosmogonia \u0219i apocalipsa) \u0219i \u00een Luceaf\u0103rul<\/em>.<\/p>\n \t\u0218i, pe de alt\u0103 parte, a dat semne ale unei ad\u00e2nci dureri existen\u021biale. A recurs la filosofia stoic\u0103 \u0219i eleat\u0103 pentru Gloss\u0103<\/em>, pe care am numit-o mic manual de \u00een\u021belpciune stoic\u0103<\/em>, predic\u00e2nd r\u0103m\u00e2nerea \u00een afara iure\u0219ului lumii, acest mare teatru \u00een care toate valorile sunt r\u0103sturnate.<\/p>\n \t\u201eD\u0103-mi tinere\u021bea mea, red\u0103-mi credin\u021ba\u201d<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \tSufletul lui, cople\u0219it de suferin\u021b\u0103, se \u00eenal\u021b\u0103 mai ales spre ocrotitoarea noastr\u0103, intercesoarea pentru noi pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 Dumnezeiescul ei Fiu, \u0219i dou\u0103 rug\u0103ciuni din 1879 \u00eei sunt \u00eenchinate Sfintei Fecioare.<\/p>\n
\t\u201eR\u0103sai asupra mea\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \tR\u0103sai asupra mea, lumin\u0103 lin\u0103,<\/em><\/p>\n \tCa-n visul meu ceresc de-odinioar\u0103;<\/em><\/p>\n \tO, Maic\u0103 Sf\u00e2nt\u0103, pururea fecioar\u0103, <\/em><\/p>\n \t\u00cen noaptea g\u00e2ndurilor mele vin\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n \tSperan\u021ba mea tu n-o l\u0103sa s\u0103 moar\u0103<\/em><\/p>\n \tDe\u0219i al meu e un noian de vin\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n \tPrivirea ta de mil\u0103 cald\u0103, plin\u0103,<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u00cendur\u0103toare \u2013 asupra mea coboar\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n \tStr\u0103in de tot, pierdut \u00een suferin\u021ba<\/em><\/p>\n \tAd\u00e2nc\u0103 a nimicniciei mele,<\/em><\/p>\n \tEu nu mai cred nimic \u0219i n-am t\u0103rie. <\/em><\/p>\n \tD\u0103-mi tinere\u021bea mea, red\u0103-mi credin\u021ba<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u0218i reapari din cerul t\u0103u de stele, <\/em><\/p>\n \tCa s\u0103 te ador de-acum pe veci, Marie!<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u201eRug\u0103ciune\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \tCr\u0103ias\u0103 aleg\u00e2ndu-te<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u00cengenunchem rug\u00e2ndu-te,<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u00cenal\u021b\u0103-ne, ne m\u00e2ntuie<\/em><\/p>\n \tDin valul ce ne b\u00e2ntuie;<\/em><\/p>\n \tFii scut de \u00eent\u0103rire<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u0218i zid de m\u00e2ntuire, <\/em><\/p>\n \tPrivirea-\u021bi adorat\u0103 <\/em><\/p>\n \tAsupr\u0103-ne coboar\u0103,<\/em><\/p>\n \tO, Maic\u0103 Preacurat\u0103,<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u0218i pururea Fecioar\u0103,<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Marie!<\/em><\/p>\n \tNoi, cei din mila Sf\u00e2ntului<\/em><\/p>\n \tUmbr\u0103 facem p\u0103m\u00e2ntului, <\/em><\/p>\n \tRug\u0103mu-ne-ndur\u0103rilor, <\/em><\/p>\n \tLuceaf\u0103rului m\u0103rilor;<\/em><\/p>\n \tAscult\u0103-a noastre pl\u00e2ngeri,<\/em><\/p>\n \tRegin\u0103 peste \u00eengeri, <\/em><\/p>\n \tDin neguri te arat\u0103, <\/em><\/p>\n \tLumin\u0103 dulce clar\u0103, <\/em><\/p>\n \tO, Maic\u0103 Preacurat\u0103,<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u0218i pururea Fecioar\u0103,<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Marie!<\/em><\/p>\n \tCu c\u00e2t\u0103 dragoste, cu c\u00e2t\u0103 evlavie se \u00eendreapt\u0103 cel ajuns la cap\u0103tul cunoa\u0219terii \u0219i al dezn\u0103dejdii spre Maica Sf\u00e2nt\u0103, spovedindu-se \u0219i cer\u00e2ndu-i \u00eenapoi tinere\u021bea \u0219i credin\u021ba, cu o smerenie \u00eentr-adev\u0103r m\u00e2ntuitoare. Rug\u0103ciunea reg\u0103sit\u0103 \u00eel poate singur\u0103 reda lui \u00eensu\u0219i, unific\u00e2ndu-\u0219i fiin\u021ba p\u00e2n\u0103 atunci tragic divizat\u0103, reintroduc\u00e2nd-o \u00een aura Luminii line<\/em>, cu a c\u0103rei c\u00e2ntare monahii \u0219i monahiile \u00eencheie slujba la apusul soarelui.<\/p>\n \t\u201eAvem ad\u00e2nca \u00eencredin\u021bare c\u0103 Sf\u00e2nta N\u0103sc\u0103toare de Dumnezeu i-a mijlocit m\u00e2ntuirea\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n \tDe altfel, o m\u0103rturie mult mai t\u00e2rzie, de prin 1886, din perioada ultim\u0103 a bolii, vine s\u0103 confirme \u00eentoarcerea definitiv\u0103 la credin\u021ba izb\u0103vitoare. \u00cencurajat de Creang\u0103 s\u0103 \u00eencerce \u0219i un tratament la bolni\u021ba M\u0103n\u0103stirii Neam\u021b, Eminescu accept\u0103 sugestia. Tratamentul nu s-a dovedit eficace, dar aura locului sacru l-a \u00eenconjurat pe bolnav cu clipe de lini\u0219te binef\u0103c\u0103toare pntru sufletul s\u0103u. C\u0103ci, a\u0219a cum a consemnat un duhovnic al m\u0103n\u0103stirii pe un Ceaslov, poetul a cerut s\u0103 fie spovedit \u0219i \u00eemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219it (era ziua de 8 noiembrie 1886, ziua Sfin\u021bilor Voievozi Mihail \u0219i Gavriil, ziua lui Mihai). \u0218i, dup\u0103 ce a primit Sf\u00e2nta \u00cemp\u0103rt\u0103\u0219anie, a s\u0103rutat m\u00e2na preotului \u0219i i-a spus: \u201eP\u0103rinte, s\u0103 m\u0103 \u00eengropa\u021bi la \u021b\u0103rmul m\u0103rii, l\u00e2ng\u0103 o m\u0103n\u0103stire de maici \u0219i s\u0103 ascult \u00een fiecare sear\u0103, ca la Agafton, cum c\u00e2nt\u0103 Lumin\u0103 lin\u0103<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n \tAvem ad\u00e2nca \u00eencredin\u021bare c\u0103 Prea Sf\u00e2nta N\u0103sc\u0103toare de Dumnezeu, \u00een mila ei nesf\u00e2r\u0219it\u0103 fa\u021b\u0103 de durerea \u0219i umilin\u021ba lui, i-a mijlocit m\u00e2ntuirea.<\/p>\n
\tAstfel, \u201eg\u00e2ndurile ce au cuprins tot universul\u201d revin la matca Ortodoxiei rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti pe care, dincolo de toate pendul\u0103rile c\u0103ut\u0103torului de absolut, Eminescu a iubit-o \u0219i a ap\u0103rat-o ca pe prima valoare a spiritualit\u0103\u021bii neamului, \u00eentrupat\u0103 \u00een Biserica na\u021bional\u0103.<\/p>\n
\t\u201ePe patul de moarte, maica Benedicta le spunea prietenilor: <<Ap\u0103ra\u021bi-l pe Mihai!>>, iar filosoful Noica men\u021biona c\u0103, de c\u00e2te ori revenim s\u0103-l citim pe Eminescu, nu ne \u00eentoarcem niciodat\u0103 cu m\u00e2inile goale. \u0218i cam a\u0219a este! Dac\u0103 rom\u00e2nii l-au considerat ca atare, acesta este poetul na\u021bional.\u201d <\/em>(acad. Eugen Simion)<\/p>\n \t*****<\/em><\/p>\n \tAlte versuri:<\/strong><\/p>\n \tLas\u2019 s\u0103 dorm\u2026 c\u0103 nu \u0219tiu lumea ce dureri \u00eemi mai p\u0103streaz\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u00cemb\u0103tat de-un c\u00e2ntec ve\u0219nic, \u00eendr\u0103git de-o sf\u00e2nt\u0103 raz\u0103,<\/em><\/p>\n \tEu s\u0103 v\u0103d numai dulcea\u021b\u0103 unde al\u021bii v\u0103d necaz,<\/em><\/p>\n \tC\u0103ci \u0219i-a\u0219a ar fi degeaba ca s\u0103 v\u0103d cu ochiul bine; <\/em><\/p>\n \tDe v\u0103d r\u0103ul sau de nu-l v\u0103d, el pe lume tot r\u0103m\u00e2ne<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u0218i nimic nu-mi folose\u0219te de-oi cerca s\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2n treaz.<\/em><\/p>\n \tN-au mai spus \u0219i al\u021bii lumii de-a ei rele s\u0103 se lase?<\/em><\/p>\n \tCine-a vrut s-asculte vorba? Cine-aude? Cui \u00eei pas\u0103?<\/em><\/p>\n \tToate au trecut pe lume, numai r\u0103ul a r\u0103mas.<\/em><\/p>\n \tDin \u201eMemento mori\u201d <\/em><\/strong>(Panorama de\u0219ert\u0103ciunilor)<\/p>\n \t*****<\/em><\/p>\n \tCe sunt? Un suflet moale unit c-o minte slab\u0103,<\/em><\/p>\n \tDe care nime-n lume, ah, nimeni nu \u00eentreab\u0103.<\/em><\/p>\n \t\u0218i am visat odat\u0103 s\u0103 fiu poet \u2026 Un vis<\/em><\/p>\n \tDe\u0219ert \u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 noim\u0103, ce merit-un sur\u00e2s<\/em><\/p>\n \tDe crud\u0103 ironie\u2026 \u0218i ce-am mai vrut s\u0103 fiu?<\/em><\/p>\n \tVoit-am a mea limb\u0103 s\u0103 fie ca un r\u00e2u<\/em><\/p>\n \tD-etern\u0103 m\u00e2ng\u00e2iere\u2026 \u0219i bl\u00e2nd s\u0103 fie c\u00e2ntu-i.<\/em><\/p>\n \tAcum\u2026 acuma visul v\u0103d bine c\u0103 mi-l m\u00e2ntui.<\/em><\/p>\n \t(Din \u201eIcoan\u0103 \u0219i privaz\u201d<\/em><\/strong>)<\/p>\n \t(Selec\u021bie din articolul \u201eEminescu, \u00eentre credin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i cunoa\u0219tere\u201d<\/strong> \u00een cartea \u201eCultur\u0103 \u0219i credin\u021b\u0103\u201d<\/strong>, Zoe Dumitrescu Bu\u0219ulenga, Edit. Arhiepiscopiei Sucevei \u0219i R\u0103d\u0103u\u021bilor, Suceava, 2005, pp. 12-29 \u0219i din colec\u021bia \u201eScriitori rom\u00e2ni\u201d, Mihai Eminescu \u2013 Poezii<\/strong>, edi\u021bie \u00eengrijit\u0103 de D. Vatamaniuc, Edit. Univers enciclopedic, Academia Rom\u00e2n\u0103, pp. 13 -14; pp. 200-201<\/em>)<\/p>\n
\n \tArticolul original<\/a><\/p>\n
\n \t\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Acad. Zoe Dumitrescu \u2013 Bu\u0219ulenga (Maica Benedicta): S-au \u00eencercat p\u00e2n\u0103 acum c\u00e2teva r\u0103spunsuri la problema credin\u021bei marelui artist g\u00e2nditor. Unii l-au socotit ateu ireductibil, al\u021bii…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29],"tags":[901,268,631,1162,1163,1164],"class_list":["post-6266","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-religie","tag-crestin","tag-eminescu","tag-invataturi","tag-maica-sfanta","tag-maria","tag-poesii"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6266","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=6266"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6266\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=6266"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=6266"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=6266"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}