{"id":8326,"date":"2021-12-17T09:29:17","date_gmt":"2021-12-17T09:29:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noi3.org\/site\/?p=8326"},"modified":"2021-12-17T09:29:20","modified_gmt":"2021-12-17T09:29:20","slug":"unicitatea-limbii-romane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/?p=8326","title":{"rendered":"UNICITATEA LIMBII ROM\u00c2NE"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u201dEmil Cioran zicea, mai \u00een glum\u0103 \u2013 mai \u00een serios: \u201c\u2026ca s\u0103 treci de la limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 la limba francez\u0103 e ca \u0219i cum ai trece de la o rug\u0103ciune la un contract.<\/em>\u201d De ce e limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 a\u0219a o limb\u0103 unic\u0103? Nu c\u0103 vrem noi, rom\u00e2nii obi\u0219nui\u021bi, ci c-o admir\u0103 de la \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea propriilor studii chiar lingvi\u0219tii \u0219i istoricii str\u0103ini, c\u0103rora nu le putem repro\u0219a subiectivitatea.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u0219adar, s\u0103 auzim 11 motive, care salt\u0103 limba de ba\u0219tin\u0103 a lui Br\u00e2ncu\u0219i pe podiumul \u201epietrelor\u201d rare ale omenirii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Rom\u00e2na e singura limb\u0103 romanic\u0103, care a supravie\u021buit \u00een p\u0103r\u021bile acestea ale Europei. R\u0103m\u00e2ne un mister: cum de s-a \u00eent\u00e2mplat a\u0219a, \u00een condi\u021biile \u00een care pe-aici au trecut valuri peste valuri de barbari, cu ale lor limbi slavice (din estul Eurasiei) sau uralice (din nordul Eurasiei).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Altfel spus, popoare cuceritoare cu graiuri \u201ebolov\u0103noase\u201d, puternice, care-au \u00eengenuncheat limba latin\u0103 pe oriunde au trecut. Mai pu\u021bin la noi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Rom\u00e2na-i veche de 1700 de ani. \u0218i c\u0103-i veche n-ar fi cine \u0219tie ce motiv de lauri, dar e veche \u00een acel fel \u00een care, de-am c\u0103l\u0103tori \u00een timp \u00een \u021aara Rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 acum 600 de ani, nu ne-ar fi chiar at\u00e2t de deosebit de greu s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem ce le spunea unul ca Mircea cel B\u0103tr\u00e2n osta\u0219ilor s\u0103i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poate v\u0103 pare de la sine \u00een\u021beles, dar adev\u0103rul e c\u0103 foarte pu\u021bine limbi din lume \u0219i-au p\u0103strat \u201etrunchiul\u201d \u00eentreg. Limba lui Shakespeare sau cea a lui Napoleon nu se pot l\u0103uda cu a\u0219a o stare de conservare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Dintre limbile latine, doar rom\u00e2na are articolul hot\u0103r\u00e2t \u201eenclitic\u201d, adic\u0103 ata\u0219at la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul substantivului. Spunem \u201efata\u201d, \u201eb\u0103iatul\u201d, \u201etabloul\u201d, \u0219i nu \u201ela fille\u201d, \u201ele gar\u00e7on\u201d, \u201ele tableau\u201d, cum ar fi \u00een francez\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chestia asta ne confer\u0103 o melodicitate intrinsec\u0103-n grai, plus o concizie-n exprimare. Practic, ne e de-ajuns un singur cuv\u00e2nt, ca s\u0103 ne facem \u00een\u021bele\u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd ne referim la un obiect sau la o fiin\u021b\u0103 anume. Ei, majoritatea popoarelor au nevoie de dou\u0103 cuvinte pentru asta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u201eSe scrie cum se aude.<\/em>\u201d Se scrie cum se aude, dar vine la pachet cu sute de particularit\u0103\u021bi de pronun\u021bie pe care noi, rom\u00e2ni fiind, le punem \u00een aplicare u\u0219or, natural, f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 le pritocim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N-avem nevoie de manualul de fonetic\u0103 la capul patului pentru ca organul din cavitatea bucal\u0103 s\u0103 se mi\u0219te \u00eentr-un fel c\u00e2nd rostim \u201eceap\u0103\u201d, \u0219i \u00een alt fel c\u00e2nd rostim \u201eea\u201d. Chiar dac\u0103 grupul de vocale e acela\u0219i. Pentru vorbitorii de arab\u0103, de pild\u0103, regula asta se \u00eenva\u021b\u0103 cu creionul sub limb\u0103 \u2013 sunt dintre cei c\u0103rora le vine greu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Lingvi\u0219tii spun c\u0103, cel mai \u0219i cel mai bine, rom\u00e2na s-ar asem\u0103na cu dalmata, din care istoria p\u0103streaz\u0103 doar c\u00e2teva sute de cuvinte \u0219i propozi\u021bii. Problema cu dalmata e c\u0103 nu mai circul\u0103. Sunt 0 vorbitori de dalmat\u0103 pe Terra \u00een acest moment, \u0219i probabil c-a\u0219a vor r\u0103m\u00e2ne p\u00e2n\u0103 la finalul veacurilor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalmata a fost declarat\u0103 limb\u0103 moart\u0103 pe 10 iunie 1898. Este data decesului ultimului ei vorbitor, croatul Tuone Udaina, care o st\u0103p\u00e2nea par\u021bial. \u00cenainte s\u0103 moar\u0103, Udaina a m\u0103rturisit c\u0103 limba \u00eei e familiar\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103 din mica copil\u0103rie, c\u0103 \u0219i-i aminte\u0219te \u201eca prin vis\u201d pe p\u0103rin\u021bii lui convers\u00e2nd, uneori, \u00een aceast\u0103 limb\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Rom\u00e2na e limba cu al treilea cel mai lung cuv\u00e2nt din Europa. \u201ePNEUMONOULTRAMICROSCOPICSILICOVOLCANICONIOZ\u0102\u201d, 44 de litere. Define\u0219te o boal\u0103 de pl\u0103m\u00e2ni care se face prin inhalarea prafului de siliciu vulcanic. Interesant e c\u0103 boala nu prea se face, deci nici cuv\u00e2ntul nu se folose\u0219te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 e intrat\u0103 \u00een patrimoniul UNESCO, aidoma Barierei de Corali din Australia, Marelui Zid Chinezesc ori Statuii Libert\u0103\u021bii. Rom\u00e2na a intrat \u00een patrimoniul imaterial al lumii prin dou\u0103 cuvinte. E vorba de \u201edor\u201d \u0219i \u201edoin\u0103\u201d, dou\u0103 cuvinte intraductibile, concluzioneaz\u0103 UNESCO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eDor\u201d \u0219i \u201edoin\u0103\u201d se comport\u0103 mai degrab\u0103 ca ni\u0219te diamante roz, dec\u00e2t ca ni\u0219te al\u0103tur\u0103ri de sunete \u2013 exprim\u0103 emo\u021bii, \u00eentr-at\u00e2t de specifice culturii noastre, \u00eenc\u00e2t traducerea lor \u00een alte \u201eglasuri\u201d ar fi o contrafacere. Nu mai e nevoie s\u0103 preciz\u0103m c\u0103 tot ele trec drept cele mai bogate \u00een sens substantive din rom\u00e2n\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Alt aspect unic \u00een lume, rom\u00e2na \u201edirijeaz\u0103\u201d cuvintele latine dup\u0103 regulile balcanice. Vocabularul e, vorba vine, \u201eitalienesc\u201d, dar r\u00e2nduielile gramaticale sunt de tip slav. Apar \u0219i coabit\u0103ri \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 registre, latin \u0219i slav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Concret, cazul dativ \u0219i genitiv au aceea\u0219i form\u0103 (ca-n latin\u0103), timpul viitor \u0219i perfect se formeaz\u0103 dup\u0103 o regul\u0103 hibrid \u00eentre latin\u0103 \u0219i slav\u0103, dar infinitivul se evit\u0103 (ca-n limbile slave).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Nicio alt\u0103 limb\u0103 nu folose\u0219te at\u00e2tea zic\u0103tori \u0219i expresii. Rom\u00e2na e printre pu\u021binele limbi \u00een care \u201ec\u00e2inii latr\u0103 \u0219i ursul merge<\/em>\u201d. E limba cu cele mai absurde imagini proverbiale, dar \u0219i limba \u00een care proverbele, de\u0219i tot un fel de metafore, sunt considerate limbaj accesibil, limbaj \u201epe \u00een\u021belesul tuturor\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proverbele astea, spun speciali\u0219tii, exprim\u0103 cea mai intim\u0103 preocupare a poporului rom\u00e2n \u2013 sensul s\u0103 fie bogat, dar fraza scurt\u0103. S\u0103 spui mult \u00een foarte pu\u021bine cuvinte (la asta se referea \u0219i Alecsandri \u00een celebra \u201erom\u00e2nul s-a n\u0103scut poet<\/em>\u201d). Cu titlu de curiozitate, cele mai numeroase zic\u0103tori autohtone au ca subiect \u00een\u021belepciunea \u2013 aproximativ 25% din totalul frazelor-proverb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. La fel de luxuriant\u0103 se dovede\u0219te rom\u00e2na \u0219i-n ceea ce prive\u0219te num\u0103rul de cuvinte. Pre\u0219edintele Academiei Rom\u00e2ne, Ioan-Aurel Pop, ne d\u0103 de \u00een\u021beles c\u0103 rom\u00e2na-i \u00eentre primele 8 limbi ale lumii. Ultima edi\u021bie a \u201eMarelui Dic\u021bionar al Limbii Rom\u00e2ne\u201d adun\u0103 170.000 de cuvinte. Asta-n condi\u021biile \u00een care autorii au l\u0103sat de-o parte diminutivele, \u0219i alea vreo 30.000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. La c\u00e2t de veche e pe teritoriul european, rom\u00e2na ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 dialecte \u2013 adic\u0103 limba locuitorilor din Banat, de pild\u0103, s\u0103 fie mult-diferit\u0103 de cea a locuitorilor din Maramure\u0219 (vezi triada spaniol\u0103-basc\u0103-catalan\u0103 din Spania).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0218i totu\u0219i, nu-i cazul limbii rom\u00e2ne, \u00een \u201ecurtea\u201d c\u0103reia exist\u0103 graiuri \u0219i regionalisme, \u00eens\u0103 nu dialecte. Filologi ca Alexandru Philippide \u0219i Alf Lombard sus\u021bin c\u0103, iar\u0103\u0219i, din punctul \u0103sta de vedere, rom\u00e2na e un fenomen f\u0103r\u0103 precedent \u00een lume\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Articolul original<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201dEmil Cioran zicea, mai \u00een glum\u0103 \u2013 mai \u00een serios: \u201c\u2026ca s\u0103 treci de la limba rom\u00e2n\u0103 la limba francez\u0103 e ca \u0219i cum ai trece de la o rug\u0103ciune la un contract.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8328,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31,32],"tags":[138,126,869,90,64,1593],"class_list":["post-8326","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-altele-continut","category-istorie","tag-daci","tag-istorie","tag-limba","tag-romana","tag-romania","tag-unica"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8326","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8326"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8326\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8329,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8326\/revisions\/8329"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8326"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8326"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/site.noi3.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8326"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}